Verbs that are always followed by the infinitive.
Some verbs can take another verb as the complement instead of a noun. Sometimes the verbs functioning as the complement mustbe in the infinitive (to + verb) and sometimes it must be in the gerund ( verb + ing) form.The following verbs are always followed by the infinitive if the complement is a verb.
agree, attempt, claim, decide, demand,
desire, fail, forget, hesitate, hope,
intend, learn, need, offer, plan,
prepare, pretend, refuse, seem, strive
ten, try, want, wish.
- The president will attempt to reduce inflation in the next four years.
- The soldiers are preparing to attack the village.
- Cinthya has agreed to act as a liason between the two countries.
Verbs that are always followed by the gerund.
Other verbs must alwaysbe followed by the gerund. These verbs include:
admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider,
delay, deny, enjoy, finish, mind,
miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall,
regret, report, resent, resist, resume,
risk, suggest,
- John admitted stealing the jewels.
- Would you mind not smoking in this office?
- Michael was considering that building in its present condition.
Note : These sentences are made negative by adding the negative particle not before the infinitive or gerund.
- John decided not to buy the car.
- We regretted not going to the party last night.
The following verbs can be followed by either the infinitiveor the gerund with no change in meaning.
begin, can’t stand, continue, dread, hate,
like, love, prefer, start.
- He started to study after dinner, OR, He started studying after dinner.
- Joan hates to ride her bicycle to school, OR, Joan hates riding her bicycle to school.
Verbs + prepositions followed by the gerund
approve of , be better of, count on, depend on,
give up, insist on, keep on, put off,
rely on, succeed in, think about, think of,
worry about.
The following expressions contain the preposition to. The word to in these expressions must not be confused with the to in the infinitive. These verb + preposition expressions must also be followed by the gerund.
object to, look forward to, confess to.
- Marry insisted on taking the bus instead of the plane.
- Fred confessed to stealing the jewels.
- Henry is thinking of going to France in August.
Adjectives, Nouns, and Pronouns
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Adjectives + prepositions followed by the gerund
Accustomed to, afraid of, capable of, fond of,
Intent on, interested in, successful in, tired of.
- Jean is not capable of understanding the predicament.
- Alvaro is intent on finishing school next year.
- Craig is fond of dancing.
Nouns + prepositions followed by the gerund
choice of , excuse for, intention of, method for,
possibility of, reason for, (method of),
- George has no excuse for dropping out of school.
- There is no reason for leaving this early.
- Connie has developed a method for evaluating this problem.
Any time a preposition is followed directly by a verb, the verb will be in the gerund form.
- After leaving the party. Ali drove home.
- He should have stayed in New York instead of moving to Maine.
Adjective followed by the infinitive
anxious, boring, dangerous, hard,
eager, easy, good, strange,
pleased, prepared, ready, able*,
usual, common, difficult.
*able means the same as capable in many instance, but the grammar is very different. While able is followed by the infinitive, capable is followed by of + [verb + ing].
- These students are not yet able to handle such difficult problems\
- These students are not yet capable of handling such difficult problem.
Examples of adjectives followed by infinitive
- Muhammad is anxious to see his family.
- We are ready to leave now.
- It is difficult to pass this test.
Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or gerund, but the meaning changes.
stop, remember, forget.
- John stopped studying. {John is not going to study anymore}
- John stopped to study. {John stopped doing something in order to study}
Pronouns before the gerund or infinitive:
allow, ask, beg, convince, expect, instruct,
invite, order, permit, persuade, prepare, promise, remind, urge, want.
Subject + verb + complement form {pronoun / noun} + [to + verb]. . .
- Joe asked Marry to call him when she woke up.
- We ordered him to appear in count.
- You should prepare your son to take this examination.
However, before the gerund, a noun or pronoun must appear in the possessive form.
Subject + verb + possessive form {noun / pronoun} + [verb + ing]. . .
- We understand your not being able to stay longer.
- He regrets her leaving.
- We object to their calling at this hour.
Pronouns
Subject : a, you, she, he, it, we, you, they.
Complement : me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them.
Passive Adjective : my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their.
Possesive : mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs.
Reflective : myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
Diposkan oleh aditha_citra's blog di 06:36
Accustomed to, afraid of, capable of, fond of,
Intent on, interested in, successful in, tired of.
- Jean is not capable of understanding the predicament.
- Alvaro is intent on finishing school next year.
- Craig is fond of dancing.
Nouns + prepositions followed by the gerund
choice of , excuse for, intention of, method for,
possibility of, reason for, (method of),
- George has no excuse for dropping out of school.
- There is no reason for leaving this early.
- Connie has developed a method for evaluating this problem.
Any time a preposition is followed directly by a verb, the verb will be in the gerund form.
- After leaving the party. Ali drove home.
- He should have stayed in New York instead of moving to Maine.
Adjective followed by the infinitive
anxious, boring, dangerous, hard,
eager, easy, good, strange,
pleased, prepared, ready, able*,
usual, common, difficult.
*able means the same as capable in many instance, but the grammar is very different. While able is followed by the infinitive, capable is followed by of + [verb + ing].
- These students are not yet able to handle such difficult problems\
- These students are not yet capable of handling such difficult problem.
Examples of adjectives followed by infinitive
- Muhammad is anxious to see his family.
- We are ready to leave now.
- It is difficult to pass this test.
Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or gerund, but the meaning changes.
stop, remember, forget.
- John stopped studying. {John is not going to study anymore}
- John stopped to study. {John stopped doing something in order to study}
Pronouns before the gerund or infinitive:
allow, ask, beg, convince, expect, instruct,
invite, order, permit, persuade, prepare, promise, remind, urge, want.
Subject + verb + complement form {pronoun / noun} + [to + verb]. . .
- Joe asked Marry to call him when she woke up.
- We ordered him to appear in count.
- You should prepare your son to take this examination.
However, before the gerund, a noun or pronoun must appear in the possessive form.
Subject + verb + possessive form {noun / pronoun} + [verb + ing]. . .
- We understand your not being able to stay longer.
- He regrets her leaving.
- We object to their calling at this hour.
Pronouns
Subject : a, you, she, he, it, we, you, they.
Complement : me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them.
Passive Adjective : my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their.
Possesive : mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs.
Reflective : myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
Diposkan oleh aditha_citra's blog di 06:36
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